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LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Institute for Environmental Research and Education IERE was commissioned by Roy Farms to conduct a cradle-to-gate Full Spectrum Life Cycle Assessment for our hops production. Roy Farms was the first hop production company to participate in a Full Spectrum LCA study. The Full Spectrum LCA included all materials and processes from the planting growing and harvesting of hops through processing and packaging. The majority of our hop cones are converted into pellets. The pellets have several advantages over whole cones and this study found that the pellet process does not significantly increase environmental impacts when compared to the whole cone. This is largely because the process of growing and harvesting the hops dominates the environmental impact of hops production. Electricity consumption was also a large contributor to several impact categories due to the relatively high proportion of coal generation in the electricity supply. This study was performed in accordance with ISO 14044 the international standard that governs LCA studies ISO 2006. IERE is a non-profit with a mission to support fact-based environmental decision-making it is a globally recognized expert in the field of LCA. A screening LCA was performed in 2013 and this present Full Spectrum study was performed to validate the results and provide a higher quality more detailed life cycle assessment of our operations. POWER PLANT SUPPLY coal 63 natural gas 15 hydroelectric 8 wind 4 biomass 1 other 9 other 23 processing direct 20 farm direct 18 ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION 18 composting 11 IMPACT CATEGORY global warming eutrophication water use land use ozone depletion smog acidification human health respiratory effect ecotoxicity fossil fuel UNIT kg CO2 eq Kg N eq liter m2 year kg CFC-11 eq kg 03 eq kg SO2 eq CTUh kg PM2.5 eq CTUe MJ surplus HOP FLOWER KG 4.6E00 5.5E-02 2.7E03 5.6E00 2.1E-07 2.2E-01 2.1E-02 6.9E-07 1.8E-03 1.4E01 5.4E00 HOP PELLET KG 5.1E00 5.8E-02 2.8E03 6.2E00 2.3E-07 2.5E-01 2.3E-02 8.2E-07 2.0E-03 1.6E01 5.9E00 LIFE CYCLE IMPACT RESULTS PER KG OF HOPS global warming THE PRACTICE